Geometrinae -​ North American Emerald Moths of the US and Canada
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Alypiodes species
Picture
Alypiodes bimaculata. Collected Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mtns, elev 5000' Cochise Co., AZ, 28 March 1970. Collection of AMNH.
Picture
Agarista bimaculata Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], from Sammlung Aussereuropaischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 1, series 1; plate 29, Figure 26.
Alypiodes is a genus of Agaristine Noctuid with four named species, two of which are known to occur in the southwestern United States. The US species are Alypiodes bimaculata and Alypiodes geronimo. Alypiodes geronimo is generally restricted in its US distribution to southern Arizona. Alypiodes bimaculata has been recorded from a wider range across Arizona and New Mexico as far east as the Davis Mtns. in west Texas and north to Chafee Co. in central Colorado. The other two named species, recorded from Mexico, are Alypiodes radians and Alypiodes walkeri. Recognized larval host plants for the US species are Mirabilis and Boerhavia in the Nyctaginaceae. Our lab is currently studying the relatedness of Alypiodes species, their native ranges, and variability in the adult and larval forms.

Recent DNA sequencing work in our lab and larval morphology strongly suggest that the species currently recognized as Alypiodes bimaculata includes at least two distinct species. The new species in the genus can generally be recognized by variation in wing markings on the forewings as well as the geographic range and larval form. Alypiodes specimens from the Gila NF in SW New Mexico, from the Sacramento mountains in eastern New Mexico, from northern New Mexico, and most likely those from Colorado and west Texas all will likely be shown to belong to a species distinct from A. bimaculata.

Picture
Alypiodes bimaculata larva, ex ovum, 10 days. Cochise Co., AZ.
Picture
Alypiodes bimaculata, adult female, Cochise Co., AZ, July 2018.
Among the junior synonyms published as species names for A. bimaculata is Alypiodes flavilinguis Grote, 1883 [Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 8: 46]. This name was applied to specimens collected in 1882 by Francis Huntington Snow, taken near a hot spring in Las Vegas, New Mexico, just east of Santa Fe. We have examined one of these specimens in the collection of Cornell University, and find it to conform outwardly to the other examples of Alypiodes in NM that will be separated from A. bimaculata. Consequently, it seems likely that Alypiodes flavilinguis may again be elevated to a species name. 

At least one other form of Alypiodes bimaculata from Mexico with a more extensively marked hindwing (described as Alypiodes bimaculata var. dugesii Cockerell, 1895, [Ent. News, 6: 201]) may potentially represent another distinct species in the complex or simply intraspecific variability (see images at bottom), but definitive placement of that form will need to await DNA sequence data and other life history information. This form is also seen in the Titian Peale collection in Peale Box 17 at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. ​
Picture
Alypiodes bimaculata, collected Carr Canyon, Cochise Co., Arizona on August 2, 1971. Collection of AMNH.
Picture
Alypiodes geronimo, adult female. Sexes are sexually dimorphic. Male has additional third white spot on forewing. Specimen collected Pena Blanca Lake, Santa Cruz Co., AZ, 8 August 1971. Collection of AMNH.
Picture
Alypiodes radians (Felder, 1874), adult male. Specimen collected Matamoros, Puebla State, Mexico (approx 150 km SE Mexico City), 1920. Collection of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH).
Picture
Illustration of Alypiodes radians in Felder 1874, Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2.
Picture
Alypiodes 'bimaculata' Mexico. Collection CUIC.
Picture
Alypiodes walkeri (Druce, 1888)
Picture
Alypiodes 'bimaculata' Mexico. Collected Pedregal de San Angel, Distrito Federal, MX, 8 July 1917. Collection of AMNH.
Picture
Alypiodes flavilinguis Grote, 1883; Cherry Creek, Gila NF, Grant Co. NM.
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  • Home
  • Geometrine Species
    • Chlorosea >
      • Chlorosea banksaria
      • Chlorosea margaretaria
      • Chlorosea roseitacta
    • Nemoria >
      • Nemoria mimosaria
      • Nemoria bistriaria >
        • Nemoria bistriaria larvae
      • Nemoria rubrifrontaria >
        • Nemoria rubrifrontaria larvae
      • Nemoria elfa >
        • Nemoria elfa larvae
      • Nemoria tuscarora >
        • Nemoria tuscarora larvae
      • Nemoria lixaria >
        • Nemoria lixaria larvae
      • Nemoria bifilata >
        • Nemoria bifilata larvae
      • Nemoria catachloa >
        • Nemoria catachloa larvae
      • Nemoria outina >
        • Nemoria outina larvae
      • Nemoria saturiba >
        • Nemoria saturiba larvae
      • Nemoria arizonaria >
        • Nemoria arizonaria larvae
      • Nemoria darwiniata >
        • Nemoria darwiniata larvae
      • Nemoria unitaria >
        • Nemoria unitaria larvae
      • Nemoria pulcherrima >
        • Nemoria pulcherrima larvae
      • Nemoria mutaticolor
      • Nemoria daedalea
      • Nemoria diamesa
      • Nemoria latirosaria
      • Nemoria viridicaria
      • Nemoria subsequens
      • Nemoria albaria
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      • Nemoria extremaria
      • Nemoria zelotes
      • Nemoria obliqua >
        • Nemoria obliqua larvae
      • Nemoria splendidaria
      • Nemoria zygotaria >
        • Nemoria zygotaria larvae
      • Nemoria intensaria
      • Nemoria leptalea
      • Nemoria caerulescens >
        • Nemoria caerulescens larvae
      • Nemoria strigataria >
        • Nemoria strigataria larvae
      • Nemoria festaria >
        • Nemoria festaria larvae
      • Nemoria albilineata >
        • Nemoria albilineata larvae
      • Nemoria glaucomarginaria >
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      • Nemoria rindgei
    • Dichorda >
      • Dichorda iridaria >
        • Dichorda iridaria larvae
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      • Dichorda illustraria >
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      • Dichorda rectaria >
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    • Dichordophora >
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      • Synchlora cupedinaria
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      • Synchlora xysteraria
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    • Phrudocentra >
      • Phrudocentra centrifugaria
    • Lophochorista >
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    • Xerochlora >
      • Xerochlora mesotheides
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    • Eueana >
      • Eueana niveociliaria
    • Chlorochlamys >
      • Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria >
        • Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria larvae
      • Chlorochlamys triangularis
      • Chlorochlamys appellaria >
        • Chlorochlamys appellaria larvae
        • Chlorochlamys appellaria genitalia
      • Chlorochlamys phyllinaria
    • Chloropteryx >
      • Chloropteryx tepperaria
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      • Hemithea aestivaria
    • Thalera >
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    • Mesothea >
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  • Other Subfamilies
    • Archiearis infans
    • Campaea perlata
    • Caripeta
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    • Hydriomena
    • Stamnodes
    • Cyclophora pendulinaria
  • Immature Stages
  • FCS Research
    • Alypiodes
    • Callidulidae
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